Brittle or fragile nails are common and are often harmless, but they can sometimes point to an underlying health issue or nutritional deficiency.
Here are some possible causes and what they may mean:
- Frequent exposure to water or chemicals: Repeated handwashing, detergents, and nail polish removers can dry out nails, making them split or peel.
- Aging: Nails naturally become more brittle with age.
- Iron deficiency: Brittle nails can be a sign of low iron levels, especially if accompanied by fatigue, pale skin, or shortness of breath.
- Vitamin or mineral deficiencies: Low levels of biotin, zinc, or certain B vitamins may contribute, although deficiencies are less common than everyday wear and tear.
- Thyroid disorders: Both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions can affect nail strength and growth.
- Fungal nail infection: Nails may become thick, brittle, discolored, or crumbly.
- Skin conditions: Disorders such as Psoriasis or Eczema can involve the nails, causing pitting, splitting, or crumbling.
What you can do
- Keep nails clean and dry.
- Wear gloves when using cleaning products or when hands will be in water for long periods.
- Moisturize your hands and nails regularly.
- Eat a balanced diet with enough protein, iron, and other essential nutrients.
- Avoid using nails as tools to pry or scrape objects.
When to see a healthcare professional
Seek medical advice if brittle nails are:
- Persistent despite good nail care.
- Accompanied by changes in nail color, shape, or thickness.
- Associated with pain, swelling, or signs of infection.
- Occurring along with symptoms such as fatigue, weight changes, hair loss, or cold intolerance, which could suggest an underlying medical condition.
In many cases, brittle nails improve with protective nail care and addressing any underlying cause. If a medical condition or nutrient deficiency is responsible, treating that issue usually helps restore healthier nail growth over time.
