Night cramps (often called nocturnal leg cramps) can happen to anyone, but some people are more likely to experience them.
People at higher risk include:
- Older adults — muscle mass, circulation, and nerve function can change with age, increasing the likelihood of cramps.
- Pregnant people — especially in the later months, due to body changes, increased pressure on nerves and blood vessels, and altered mineral needs.
- People who are physically active — especially those doing intense exercise, new workouts, or activities that overuse certain muscles.
- People who sit or stand for long periods — prolonged inactivity or standing can contribute to muscle fatigue and stiffness.
- Those who are dehydrated — fluid loss from heat, sweating, or inadequate intake may make cramps more likely.
- People with certain medical conditions, including:
- Diabetes (especially if it affects nerves or circulation)
- Kidney disease
- Peripheral artery disease
- Nerve disorders
- Thyroid disorders
- People taking certain medications — some diuretics (“water pills”), statins, and other medicines may be associated with muscle cramps in some individuals.
Ways that may help reduce night cramps:
- Stretch calf and leg muscles gently before bed
- Stay adequately hydrated
- Keep active with regular, moderate movement
- Avoid sudden increases in exercise intensity
- Make sure footwear supports your feet and legs
Seek medical advice if cramps are frequent, severe, causing weakness, associated with swelling/redness, or starting suddenly without a clear reason.
