Night cramps (often called nocturnal leg cramps) can happen to anyone, but some people are more likely to experience them. Higher-risk groups include:
- Older adults — risk increases with age, especially after about age 50, as muscle mass and flexibility can decline.
- Pregnant people — leg cramps are more common during pregnancy, particularly in later months.
- People who are physically active — intense exercise, overuse, or muscle fatigue can trigger cramps.
- People who sit or stand for long periods — prolonged inactivity or standing may contribute.
- People with certain medical conditions, including:
- Nerve disorders (such as peripheral neuropathy)
- Kidney disease
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disorders
- Circulation problems
- Liver disease
- People taking certain medications, including some diuretics (“water pills”) and other medicines that may affect muscle function or electrolyte balance.
- People with dehydration or electrolyte imbalances — low levels of minerals such as magnesium, potassium, or calcium may contribute in some cases.
Night cramps are usually harmless, but it is worth discussing them with a healthcare professional if they are frequent, severe, waking you regularly, associated with muscle weakness, swelling, numbness, or changes in walking, or if they started after a new medication.
