In BPPV, tiny calcium carbonate crystals (called otoconia) become displaced from where they normally belong and move into one of the inner ear’s balance canals. This can cause brief episodes of vertigo (a spinning sensation), especially when:
- Rolling over in bed
- Looking up
- Bending down
- Turning your head quickly
How are the crystals “fixed”?
The most effective treatment is a series of head and body movements called canalith repositioning maneuvers, which guide the crystals back to their normal location.
The best-known is the:
- Epley maneuver
Depending on which ear and which balance canal are involved, other maneuvers may be more appropriate, such as the Semont maneuver. A healthcare professional can determine which one is right for you.
Can you do the maneuver at home?
Some people successfully perform the Epley maneuver at home after being diagnosed with BPPV and instructed by a clinician. However, because different types of vertigo require different treatments, it’s best to have the diagnosis confirmed first.
What can help reduce symptoms?
- Move slowly when changing positions.
- Sit down if you suddenly feel dizzy.
- Stay hydrated.
- Resume normal activity as tolerated after treatment, unless your clinician advises otherwise.
When to seek urgent medical care
Vertigo is not always caused by BPPV. Seek emergency medical attention if dizziness is accompanied by:
- Weakness or numbness on one side
- Trouble speaking
- Double vision or sudden vision loss
- A severe, sudden headache
- Difficulty walking that doesn’t improve
- Chest pain or fainting
These symptoms could indicate a more serious condition, such as a stroke.
Bottom line
If your vertigo is due to BPPV, repositioning maneuvers such as the Epley maneuver are often highly effective, sometimes resolving symptoms after one or a few treatments. If you’re unsure of the cause of your dizziness or your symptoms don’t fit the typical pattern of brief, position-triggered spinning, it’s important to be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
