Night cramps (also called nocturnal leg cramps) are sudden, painful muscle contractions that usually occur in the calves or feet during sleep. They can affect anyone, but some people are at higher risk.
Those at increased risk include:
- Older adults – Night cramps become more common with age.
- Pregnant people – Especially during the second and third trimesters.
- People who are dehydrated or lose a lot of fluid through sweating.
- People who stand or sit for long periods or do strenuous exercise without adequate recovery.
- People with certain medical conditions, including:
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Chronic kidney disease
- Peripheral artery disease
- Peripheral neuropathy
- People taking certain medications, such as some diuretics (“water pills”) or other medicines that may contribute to cramps in some individuals.
How to reduce the risk
- Stay well hydrated.
- Stretch your calf muscles before bed.
- Engage in regular, moderate physical activity.
- Wear supportive footwear if you spend long hours standing.
- Review your medications with your healthcare professional if cramps began after starting a new one.
When to seek medical advice
See a healthcare professional if your cramps:
- Occur frequently or are very painful.
- Are associated with muscle weakness, numbness, or swelling.
- Affect only one leg and are accompanied by redness or warmth.
- Continue despite self-care measures.
Most night cramps are not caused by a serious illness, but recurrent or severe cramps deserve medical evaluation to look for an underlying cause.
