An aneurysm is a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel that bulges outward. Many aneurysms cause no symptoms until they become large, leak, or rupture. A ruptured aneurysm is a medical emergency.
The warning signs depend on where the aneurysm is located.
Possible signs of a brain aneurysm
A ruptured brain aneurysm may cause:
- A sudden, severe headache often described as the “worst headache of my life”
- Nausea and vomiting
- Stiff neck
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurred or double vision
- Confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness
A large unruptured brain aneurysm may sometimes cause:
- Pain behind or above one eye
- Double vision or changes in vision
- Drooping eyelid
- Facial numbness
Possible signs of an abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Deep, persistent pain in the abdomen or back
- A pulsating sensation in the abdomen
- Sudden, severe abdominal or back pain with dizziness or fainting if it ruptures
Possible signs of a thoracic (chest) aortic aneurysm
- Chest or upper back pain
- Shortness of breath
- Difficulty swallowing
- Hoarseness
When to seek emergency care
Call emergency services immediately if you or someone else develops:
- A sudden, severe headache unlike any before
- Sudden severe chest, back, or abdominal pain
- Fainting, collapse, or loss of consciousness
- Weakness, difficulty speaking, or other stroke-like symptoms
Risk factors
Risk is higher in people with:
- High blood pressure
- Smoking
- Older age
- A family history of aneurysms
- Certain inherited connective tissue disorders
Many aneurysms are found incidentally on imaging before they cause symptoms. If an aneurysm is detected, the appropriate treatment depends on its size, location, growth, and the person’s overall health. Early evaluation and management can reduce the risk of rupture.
