Who Is Most at Risk of Night Cramps?

Night cramps (nocturnal leg cramps) are sudden, painful muscle contractions that often occur in the calves, feet, or thighs during sleep or rest. They are common, especially as people get older, but certain factors can make them more likely.

1. Older adults

Night cramps become more common with age because of changes such as:

Loss of muscle strength and flexibility
Changes in nerve function
Reduced physical activity

2. People who overuse their muscles

Cramps may occur after:

Intense exercise
Long walks
Prolonged standing
Increased physical activity without gradual adjustment

3. People who are dehydrated

Not drinking enough fluids—especially after sweating—may contribute to muscle cramps.

Higher-risk situations include:

Hot weather
Heavy exercise
Illness causing vomiting or diarrhea

4. Pregnant people

Leg cramps are common during pregnancy, particularly later in pregnancy. Changes in body weight, circulation, and muscle demands may play a role.

5. People with certain medical conditions

Night cramps may be more frequent in people with:

Diabetes (especially with nerve involvement)
Kidney disease
Thyroid disorders
Nerve conditions
Circulation problems

6. People taking certain medications

Some medicines may increase the chance of cramps in some individuals, including:

Certain diuretics (“water pills”)
Some cholesterol-lowering medications
Some other prescription medicines

A medication should not be stopped without medical advice.

7. People with low levels of certain nutrients

Mineral imbalances, such as low magnesium, potassium, or calcium, can contribute to muscle symptoms in some cases. However, supplements are not always helpful unless a deficiency is present.